Protokoll (protokół)

Tally sheet

The signed record of a polling station’s count — the primary document against which any later aggregate can be checked, and the first thing to secure.

Tabulation

The aggregation of counted votes up from polling stations to the national total — the stage where transcription errors and, in falsification cases, deliberate alteration occur.

Result falsification

Altering recorded totals so the declared result differs from the votes cast — the site’s most serious category, and the one most often conflated with the other four.