Tabulation transparency

Tabulation

The aggregation of counted votes up from polling stations to the national total — the stage where transcription errors and, in falsification cases, deliberate alteration occur.

Open election data

Publication of results in machine-readable form at the lowest available unit, under an open licence — the difference between a result that is announced and one that is checkable.

Precinct-level results

Results published per polling station rather than aggregated — the single most valuable transparency measure, because it makes independent verification possible at all.