Turnout

Turnout anomaly

Turnout that departs sharply from comparable units or from plausible bounds — a prompt to examine records, never on its own a finding of falsification.

Compulsory voting

A legal duty to vote or to appear at a polling station — it raises and stabilises turnout, which changes how turnout anomalies should be read.

Voter roll

The official register of eligible voters — its accuracy sets the ceiling on election quality, and both inflation and wrongful removal are integrity failures.