Comparative view
Election safeguards matrix
Which countries can actually check their own count — ballot type, audit requirement, who runs the election, who may observe it, and how people register and vote. One row per country profile, read from the same records as the profiles themselves.
Audit requirements are recorded for 50 of 51 country profiles. Blank cells are gaps in this database, not findings about the country.
| Country | Ballot | Audit | Run by | Domestic observers | International observers | Registration | Voter ID | Postal | From abroad |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ArgentinaArgentina | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina | Paper | Mandatory recount | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Restricted | Universal |
| Cabo VerdeCabo Verde | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Universal |
| CanadaCanada | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | not recorded | Mixed | Any document | Universal | Universal |
| FijiFiji | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | Restricted | Restricted |
| GeorgiaGeorgia | Mixed | Mandatory recount | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| GuatemalaGuatemala | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| IndiaIndia | Electronic + paper trail | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | not recorded | Voter-initiated | Any document | Restricted | None |
| IsraelIsrael | Paper | Judicial only | Judiciary | Yes | No | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| MozambiqueMozambique | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Any document | None | Restricted |
| NicaraguaNicaragua | Paper | None | Government | No | No | State-initiated | Photo ID | None | None |
| PakistanPakistan | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | State-initiated | Photo ID | Restricted | None |
| PhilippinesPhilippines | Electronic + paper trail | Mandatory recount | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | not recorded | Restricted | Universal |
| SlovakiaSlovakia | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Restricted | Restricted |
| TaiwanTaiwan | Paper | not recorded | Independent commission | Yes | not recorded | State-initiated | Photo ID | None | None |
| The GambiaThe Gambia | Mixed | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | None |
| TürkiyeTürkiye | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Universal |
| United KingdomUnited Kingdom | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | not recorded | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | Varies | Restricted |
| ZambiaZambia | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | None |
| इक्वाडोरइक्वाडोर | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| इंडोनेशियाइंडोनेशिया | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | State-initiated | Photo ID | not recorded | Universal |
| ऑस्ट्रियाऑस्ट्रिया | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Universal | Universal |
| केन्याकेन्या | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| जर्मनीजर्मनी | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Universal | Restricted |
| दक्षिण अफ्रीकादक्षिण अफ्रीका | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| दक्षिण कोरियादक्षिण कोरिया | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | Restricted | Restricted |
| दक्षिण सूडानदक्षिण सूडान | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Any document | None | Restricted |
| नाइजीरियानाइजीरिया | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | None |
| न्यूज़ीलैंडन्यूज़ीलैंड | Paper | Mandatory recount | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Mixed | None | Restricted | Restricted |
| पोलैंडपोलैंड | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Restricted | Universal |
| फ्रांसफ्रांस | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Mixed | Photo ID | None | Universal |
| बुल्गारियाबुल्गारिया | Mixed | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | None | Restricted |
| बेलारूसबेलारूस | Paper | None | Government | Yes | No | State-initiated | Any document | None | Universal |
| बोलीवियाबोलीविया | Paper | None | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Mixed | not recorded | None | Restricted |
| ब्राज़ीलब्राज़ील | Electronic only | Ad hoc | Judiciary | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| मलावीमलावी | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | not recorded | None | None |
| मेक्सिकोमेक्सिको | Paper | Mandatory recount | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | Restricted | Restricted |
| मोरक्कोमोरक्को | Paper | Judicial only | Government | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| मोल्दोवामोल्दोवा | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | not recorded | Universal |
| यूक्रेनयूक्रेन | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Universal |
| रूसरूस | Mixed | None | Government | Yes | No | State-initiated | Photo ID | Restricted | Universal |
| रोमानियारोमानिया | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | Restricted | Universal |
| लातवियालातविया | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | Restricted | Universal |
| लिथुआनियालिथुआनिया | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | Restricted | Universal |
| वेनेज़ुएलावेनेज़ुएला | Electronic + paper trail | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| संयुक्त राज्यसंयुक्त राज्य | Mixed | Varies | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Varies | Varies | Universal |
| सर्बियासर्बिया | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| सेनेगलसेनेगल | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Universal |
| स्वीडनस्वीडन | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Restricted | Universal |
| हंगरीहंगरी | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | Restricted | Restricted |
| हैतीहैती | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
How to read this
These are formal rules, not an assessment of practice. A country with strong rules on paper may still administer an election badly, and a country with weak rules may run a clean one. Nothing here is scored or ranked: this database publishes no composite integrity score, because collapsing these very different columns into one number would hide exactly the distinctions the table exists to show.
“Not recorded” means this database has not yet established the rule — it is a gap in our coverage, not a finding that the safeguard is absent. A country that genuinely has no audit requirement is shown as “None”.