Countries
Electoral systems, election history, and documented incidents, country by country.
Austria
atElectoral system: Parliamentary republic; federal president elected by direct popular vote in a two-round system.
Belarus
byElectoral system: Presidential republic; the president is elected in a two-round system and elections are administered by a Central Election Commission.
Moldova
mdElectoral system: Parliamentary republic; president elected by direct popular vote in a two-round system; elections run by the Central Electoral Commission (CEC).
Poland
plElectoral system: Parliamentary republic; president elected by direct popular vote in a two-round system; elections run by the State Electoral Commission (PKW).
Romania
roElectoral system: Semi-presidential republic; president elected by direct popular vote in a two-round system; a Constitutional Court oversees electoral validity.
United States
usElectoral system: Federal presidential republic; president elected via the Electoral College; elections administered state-by-state.