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Election Integrity & Foreign Influence Database

The truth about elections, held to a single standard.

Elections documented, attacked, and defended — with proven falsification kept strictly apart from interference, propaganda, and mere anomaly. Every finding is tiered by the strength of its evidence.

Explore elections How we verify

45: elections
20: operations
210: sources

Database last updated August 5, 2026

Election spotlight

2022

BrazilPresidentialHeld

Brazil 2022 Presidential Election

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva defeated incumbent Jair Bolsonaro by 50.90% to 49.10% in Brazil's closest presidential runoff of the democratic era. The election took place after sustained attacks on electronic voting. Those attacks are documented: the TSE later found Bolsonaro abused political power and misused media in an official event aimed at discrediting the system. The count-manipulation claims are a separate question. TCU comparisons of physical ballot bulletins, published records and integrity tests found no divergence, while the TSE rejected the Liberal Party's post-election challenge for lack of supporting indications.

Information operationsProcess violations

2 established · 2 not established

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Five categories, never conflated

The difference between these is the whole point. An attacked election is not the same as a falsified one.

Result falsification

The recorded numbers do not reflect the votes cast.

Process violations

Unequal media access, repression, illegal financing, vote buying, misuse of state resources.

Foreign interference

Cyberattacks, hack-and-leak, covert foreign financing, impersonation of media or institutions by a foreign state or proxy.

Information operations

Troll farms, fake local-media networks, covert political ads, coordinated inauthentic amplification — foreign or domestic.

Statistical anomalies

Patterns in the data worth examining — explicitly not proof of fraud.

A finding sits in exactly one category. Colors and icons carry the same meaning everywhere on the site.

From the case files

What was proven — and what was not

The clearest test of a trustworthy record is whether it can hold both statements at once.

Austria 2016 Presidential Election

What is established

Process violationsConfirmed
The Constitutional Court annulled the 22 May run-off because postal ballots had been evaluated unlawfully in 14 districts and the electoral authority had released partial results to media before polls closed.
Sources:1
Process violationsConfirmed
The infringements concerned more than 77,769 postal votes, exceeding the 30,863-vote margin. Under settled case law an election is annulled once an anti-manipulation safeguard is breached in a way that could have influenced the result — no proof of actual manipulation is required.
Sources:1

What is not established

Result falsificationDebunked
That the election was “rigged” or falsified — not established. The Court found no fraud or manipulation, the challenge itself alleged none, and the re-run returned the same winner.
Sources:1
Result falsificationDebunked
That the irregularities actually changed who won — not established. Annulment followed from the mere possibility that the violations could have influenced the result, not from a finding that they did.
Sources:1

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Method

Why you can trust this

No source, no claim. The same taxonomy and evidence bar applies to every country, party, and government — including Western democracies.

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Academy

Learn how elections actually work

How votes are counted and verified, why interference is not the same as fraud, and how to check a viral claim yourself.

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Updates

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