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Election Integrity & Foreign Influence Database

The truth about elections, held to a single standard.

Elections documented, attacked, and defended — with proven falsification kept strictly apart from interference, propaganda, and mere anomaly. Every finding is tiered by the strength of its evidence.

Explore elections How we verify

45: elections
20: operations
210: sources

Database last updated August 5, 2026

Election spotlight

2023

NigeriaPresidentialHeld

Nigeria 2023 Presidential Election

INEC declared Bola Tinubu elected with 36.6% in Nigeria's most competitive presidential race since the return to civilian rule. The administration did not deliver the transparency it had promised: late openings, violence and the failure to publish many presidential result forms promptly damaged trust. A national parallel tabulation adds an important boundary to the case. Yiaga Africa found every candidate's national share inside its statistical range and said altered collation identified in Rivers and Imo did not change the national outcome. That supports the declared national ordering while leaving the documented exclusion, local manipulation and process failures fully in view.

Process violationsResult falsification

3 established · 2 not established

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Five categories, never conflated

The difference between these is the whole point. An attacked election is not the same as a falsified one.

Result falsification

The recorded numbers do not reflect the votes cast.

Process violations

Unequal media access, repression, illegal financing, vote buying, misuse of state resources.

Foreign interference

Cyberattacks, hack-and-leak, covert foreign financing, impersonation of media or institutions by a foreign state or proxy.

Information operations

Troll farms, fake local-media networks, covert political ads, coordinated inauthentic amplification — foreign or domestic.

Statistical anomalies

Patterns in the data worth examining — explicitly not proof of fraud.

A finding sits in exactly one category. Colors and icons carry the same meaning everywhere on the site.

From the case files

What was proven — and what was not

The clearest test of a trustworthy record is whether it can hold both statements at once.

United States 2016 Presidential Election

What is established

Foreign interferenceConfirmed
The Russian government interfered in the election in what the Mueller Report called a “sweeping and systematic fashion”; the Intelligence Community assessed that President Putin ordered an influence campaign that developed a preference for candidate Trump.
Sources:1 2
Information operationsConfirmed
The Internet Research Agency ran a social-media operation impersonating Americans and buying political ads; 13 Russian nationals and three entities were indicted in February 2018.
Sources:1 2 3

What is not established

Result falsificationDebunked
That vote tallies were altered or voting machines manipulated — not established. DHS assessed the systems Russian actors targeted were not involved in vote tallying, and the Senate Committee saw no evidence votes were changed.
Sources:1 2
Information operationsAlleged
That the interference changed the outcome — not established. The Intelligence Community explicitly made no assessment of the campaign’s impact on the result.
Sources:1

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Method

Why you can trust this

No source, no claim. The same taxonomy and evidence bar applies to every country, party, and government — including Western democracies.

Read the methodology

Academy

Learn how elections actually work

How votes are counted and verified, why interference is not the same as fraud, and how to check a viral claim yourself.

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Updates

Recently added and revised

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