Countries

Electoral system: Federal presidential republic. The 257-seat Chamber of Deputies is elected by provincial proportional representation and renewed by halves every two years; the 72-seat Senate is renewed by thirds, with three senators per province and Buenos Aires City.

• Argentina 2023 General Election

• Argentina 2027 Legislative Election

Electoral system: Parliamentary republic; federal president elected by direct popular vote in a two-round system.

• Austria 2016 Presidential Election

Electoral system: Presidential republic; the president is elected in a two-round system and elections are administered by a Central Election Commission.

• Belarus 2020 Presidential Election

Electoral system: A plurinational presidential republic in which the president and vice-president are elected together for five years, winning outright with more than 50% of valid votes or with at least 40% and a lead of ten percentage points over the runner-up, and otherwise going to a runoff. The 130-seat Chamber of Deputies combines single-member districts, party lists allocated proportionally by department, and seven seats reserved for indigenous peoples in special constituencies; each of the nine departments elects four senators, for a Senate of 36.

• Bolivia 2019 General Election

Electoral system: A three-member Presidency with one Bosniak, one Croat and one Serb member, plus a state-level House of Representatives and separate assemblies for the two entities — the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska. Proportional representation with open lists, on a four-year cycle.

• Bosnia and Herzegovina 2022 General Election

• Bosnia and Herzegovina 2026 General Election

Electoral system: Federal presidential republic. The president is elected by majority runoff, senators by statewide contests and the Chamber of Deputies by open-list proportional representation across the states and Federal District.

• Brazil 2022 Presidential Election

• Brazil 2026 General Election

Electoral system: Proportional representation to a 240-seat unicameral National Assembly, with a 4% threshold and preferential voting within party lists. The president is elected separately for a five-year term, in two rounds, and the office is largely ceremonial.

• Bulgaria 2024 October Parliamentary Election

• Bulgaria 2026 Presidential Election

Electoral system: Semi-presidential republic. The president is directly elected in a nationwide contest by absolute majority, with a second round between the leading two candidates if required.

• Cabo Verde 2021 Presidential Election

• Cabo Verde 2026 Presidential Election

Electoral system: Federal parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy. Members of the House of Commons are elected from single-member districts by first-past-the-post voting; Elections Canada administers federal elections independently of government.

• Canada 2021 General Election
• Canada 2019 General Election

Electoral system: Presidential republic with proportional national and provincial legislative elections and separately elected provincial, municipal, parish and citizen-participation authorities.

• Ecuador 2025 Presidential Election

• Ecuador 2027 Local and CPCCS Elections

Electoral system: Parliamentary republic using open-list proportional representation in one nationwide constituency, with a five-percent threshold and D'Hondt seat allocation.

• Fiji 2022 General Election

• Fiji 2026–27 General Election

Electoral system: Semi-presidential republic; the president is elected by direct popular vote in a two-round system, with paper ballots counted by hand.

• France 2026 Municipal Elections
• France 2024 Snap Legislative Election
• France 2024 European Parliament Election
• France 2017 Presidential Election

• France 2027 Presidential Election

Electoral system: Parliamentary republic; 150-seat parliament elected by fully proportional representation with a 5 per cent threshold; the president is chosen by a 300-member electoral college rather than by voters; elections run by the Central Election Commission (CEC).

• Georgia 2024 Parliamentary Elections

Electoral system: Federal parliamentary republic; the Bundestag is elected by mixed-member proportional representation, combining constituency and party-list seats, with paper ballots counted by hand.

• Germany 2025 Federal Election
• Germany 2021 Federal Election

Electoral system: A presidential republic under the 1985 Constitution. The president and vice-president are elected on one ballot for a single four-year term by absolute majority, with a run-off between the top two if no ticket passes 50 per cent, and the 160-member unicameral Congress is elected at the same time by closed-list proportional representation, 128 seats in 23 multi-member districts and 32 from a national list.

• Guatemala 2023 General Election

Electoral system: Republic with a directly elected two-round president and a bicameral legislature elected through constituency contests.

• Haiti 2016 Presidential Election Re-run

• Haiti 2026 General Election

Electoral system: A 199-seat National Assembly elected in a single round by a mixed system: 106 single-member constituencies plus 93 seats from national party lists; recognized national minorities can win a seat on a preferential quota.

• Hungary 2022 Parliamentary Election

Electoral system: Federal parliamentary republic. The 543 elected members of the Lok Sabha are chosen from single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting; the Election Commission of India administers national and state elections.

• India 2024 Lok Sabha Election

Electoral system: Presidential republic. The president and vice-president stand as a single ticket, are directly elected for five years, and must take more than half the national vote together with at least 20 percent in more than half the provinces, failing which a second round is held. The 580-seat House of Representatives is elected by open-list proportional representation across 84 multi-member electoral districts, alongside a directly elected Regional Representative Council and provincial and district assemblies.

• Indonesia 2024 Presidential Election

Electoral system: Parliamentary republic with a 120-seat Knesset elected in a single nationwide proportional-representation constituency.

• Israel 2022 Knesset Election

• Israel 2026 Knesset Election

Electoral system: Presidential republic with a two-round-contingent presidential rule: a first-round winner needs more than half of all votes and at least 25% in more than half of the 47 counties. Parliamentary and county seats use first-past-the-post plus constitutionally specified party-list seats.

• Kenya 2017 Presidential Election and Fresh Election

• Kenya 2027 General Election

Electoral system: Parliamentary republic; the 100-seat Saeima is elected by proportional representation from five regional constituencies, and the president is elected by parliament rather than by voters.

• Latvia 2022 Parliamentary Election

• Latvia 2026 Saeima Election

Electoral system: Semi-presidential republic; the president is elected by direct popular vote in a two-round system, and the Seimas is elected by a mixed system combining single-member constituencies with a nationwide proportional list.

Electoral system: Presidential republic; the president is elected by direct popular vote and, since a landmark 2020 court ruling, must win an absolute majority (50% + 1) of valid votes. Elections are administered by the Malawi Electoral Commission.

• Malawi 2019–2020 Presidential Election and Fresh Election