People
Public figures documented through their electoral record — what they did, said, or were found to have done in relation to how an election was run.
This is not a biography collection. Entries cover a person's record on elections and voting rights only, and every entry carries a citation to a court ruling, an official finding, or an election-observation report. Nothing appears here without a source, and inclusion is not a judgement about a person.
- Belarus · Head of state
Alexander Lukashenko
President of Belarus
President of Belarus since 1994, when he won the last election international observers regarded as broadly competitive. Referendums held under his presidency in 1996 and 2004 expanded the powers of the office and removed the limit on presidential terms. The 2020 election, in which he was declared the winner, was held without an OSCE/ODIHR observation mission and its official result was widely disputed.
4 sourced entries - Austria · Head of state
Alexander Van der Bellen
President of Austria
Austrian president since 2017. His first election is the reason Austria appears in this database: he won the May 2016 run-off, the Constitutional Court annulled that run-off over how postal ballots had been handled, and he won the re-run in December. The annulment turned on procedure — the Court found no evidence that the declared result was wrong — which makes the episode a reference case for separating a flawed process from a falsified one.
4 sourced entries - Moldova · Candidate
Alexandr Stoianoglo
Presidential candidate, Moldova
Moldovan presidential candidate who lost the 2024 run-off, held on the same day as the referendum on writing EU accession into the constitution. Out-of-country ballots were decisive in the result.
2 sourced entries - Germany · Party leader
Alice Weidel
Party leader, Germany
Co-lead candidate for the AfD at the 2021 German federal election, in which the party placed fifth. The 2021 campaign period is documented here for the Ghostwriter operation against German parliamentarians.
1 sourced entries - Ukraine · Candidate
Anatoliy Hrytsenko
Minister of Defence of Ukraine, 2005–2009; presidential candidate, 2014
Finished fourth in Ukraine's 2014 early presidential election. He also brought a successful challenge to how the election commission had reallocated executive positions on district commissions.
2 sourced entries - Germany · Candidate
Annalena Baerbock
Chancellor candidate, Germany
German chancellor candidate for Alliance 90/The Greens in the 2021 federal election; the party placed third and entered the governing coalition.
1 sourced entries - Germany · Candidate
Armin Laschet
Chancellor candidate, Germany
German chancellor candidate for the CDU/CSU in the 2021 federal election, in which the bloc recorded its weakest federal result of the post-war period and went into opposition.
1 sourced entries - France · Candidate
Benoît Hamon
Presidential candidate, France
French presidential candidate in 2017, standing for the governing party of the outgoing president, who finished well outside the top two in the first round.
1 sourced entries - Georgia · Party leader
Bidzina Ivanishvili
Founder of Georgian Dream; Prime Minister of Georgia, 2012–2013
Founder of Georgian Dream, the party that won the October 2024 parliamentary elections, and a former prime minister. The European Parliament named him among the individuals on whom it urged the EU to impose personal sanctions following the elections.
1 sourced entries - Romania · Candidate
Călin Georgescu
Presidential candidate, Romania
Romanian presidential candidate who led the first round of the November 2024 election as a little-known independent. In December 2024 the Constitutional Court annulled that round after declassified intelligence described an undeclared, coordinated online campaign promoting his candidacy. He was subsequently barred from standing in the 2025 re-run. The annulment rested on how the campaign was conducted, not on any finding that votes were miscounted.
3 sourced entries - Germany · Party leader
Christian Lindner
Party leader, Germany
Leader of the FDP at the 2021 German federal election; the party placed fourth and entered the governing coalition.
1 sourced entries - Ukraine · Candidate
Dmytro Yarosh
Leader of Right Sector; presidential candidate, 2014
Far-right candidate in Ukraine's 2014 presidential election who received 0.71 per cent of the vote — and who was named as the winner with 37 per cent by a fabricated results page planted on the Central Election Commission's website and broadcast by Russian state television. His profile exists in this database because of the gap between those two numbers, which is the clearest single illustration of an operation aimed at the announcement of a result rather than at the count.
3 sourced entries - United States · Head of state
Donald Trump
President of the United States
US president elected in 2016 and again in 2024. He contested the outcome of the 2020 election in a large number of state and federal lawsuits, effectively all of which were dismissed or rejected on the merits or for lack of standing. Several specific claims arising from that dispute are reviewed individually in this database and are rated there against the evidence.
4 sourced entries - Romania · Candidate
Elena Lasconi
Presidential candidate, Romania
Romanian presidential candidate who placed second in the first round of the 2024 election — the round the Constitutional Court subsequently annulled over a coordinated, undeclared online campaign promoting the front-runner. The annulment cancelled the run-off she had qualified for.
2 sourced entries - France · Head of state
Emmanuel Macron
President of France
French president since 2017. His first campaign was the target of a hack-and-leak operation: a large volume of campaign material was dumped online in the final 48 hours before the run-off, inside the legal blackout period during which French candidates and media are barred from responding. The leak did not change the outcome, and French authorities found the released material had been salted with forgeries.
3 sourced entries - France · Candidate
François Fillon
Presidential candidate, France
French presidential candidate in 2017 who placed third in the first round and did not reach the run-off. He is recorded here as a principal in an election this database documents for the hack-and-leak operation against the eventual winner’s campaign.
1 sourced entries - Poland · Candidate
Grzegorz Braun
Presidential candidate, Poland
Polish presidential candidate in 2025 who placed fourth in the first round and did not reach the run-off.
1 sourced entries - United States · Candidate
Hillary Clinton
Presidential candidate, United States
US presidential candidate in 2016, who won the nationwide popular vote but lost in the Electoral College. Her campaign was the target of the hack-and-leak operation that US intelligence and a federal indictment attributed to Russian military intelligence.
2 sourced entries - Georgia · Head of government
Irakli Kobakhidze
Prime Minister of Georgia, from 2024
Prime Minister of Georgia at the time of the October 2024 parliamentary elections, which his party won. He rejected the opposition's allegations of irregularities, and the European Parliament named him among the officials on whom it urged the EU to impose personal sanctions.
2 sourced entries - France · Candidate
Jean-Luc Mélenchon
Presidential candidate, France
French presidential candidate in 2017 who placed fourth in the first round, narrowly missing the run-off in one of the closest four-way first rounds of the Fifth Republic.
1 sourced entries - United States · Head of state
Joseph R. Biden
President of the United States (2021–2025)
US president elected in 2020. The certified result was contested in a large number of state and federal lawsuits, all of which were dismissed or rejected, and was confirmed by recounts and audits in the contested states before certification.
2 sourced entries - Poland · Head of state
Karol Nawrocki
President of Poland
Polish president elected in the 2025 presidential election, decided in a very close second round. The vote was conducted on paper ballots counted by hand, with the Supreme Court ruling on the validity of the election as Polish law requires.
2 sourced entries - Moldova · Head of state
Maia Sandu
President of Moldova
President of Moldova, elected in 2020 and re-elected in 2024. Her second election was held on the same day as a referendum on writing EU accession into the constitution, which passed by less than one percentage point. Moldovan authorities documented a large-scale vote-buying scheme and coordinated interference in the run-up to both votes, and out-of-country ballots were decisive in the presidential result.
3 sourced entries - Romania · Head of government
Marcel Ciolacu
Prime Minister of Romania (2023–2025)
Romanian prime minister and presidential candidate in 2024, who placed third in the first round that the Constitutional Court later annulled. He resigned as party leader after the result.
1 sourced entries - France · Candidate
Marine Le Pen
Presidential candidate, France
French presidential candidate who reached and lost the run-off in 2017 and again in 2022. The 2017 contest is documented here for the hack-and-leak operation against her opponent’s campaign in the final 48 hours, during the legal blackout period.
2 sourced entries - Slovakia · Party leader
Michal Šimečka
Party leader, Slovakia
Slovak party leader who became the target of one of Europe’s first consequential election deepfakes: a fabricated audio recording purporting to capture him discussing vote-buying spread in the final days before the 2023 parliamentary election, during the 48-hour moratorium when campaigning and polling are barred and rebuttal is hardest.
2 sourced entries - Romania · Head of state
Nicușor Dan
President of Romania
Romanian president elected in the 2025 re-run, held after the Constitutional Court annulled the first round of the 2024 election over a coordinated, undeclared online campaign. His election is the resolution of the only case so far in which an EU member state voided a national vote over how the campaign was fought rather than over the count.
2 sourced entries - Austria · Candidate
Norbert Hofer
Presidential candidate, Austria
Austrian presidential candidate who lost the May 2016 run-off and challenged it before the Constitutional Court. His challenge succeeded on procedure: the Court annulled the run-off over how postal ballots had been handled, while expressly finding no evidence that the result had been altered. He lost the December re-run by a wider margin and accepted it.
4 sourced entries - Germany · Head of government
Olaf Scholz
Federal Chancellor of Germany (2021–2025)
German chancellor from 2021, elected in a federal election held on hand-counted paper ballots with postal voting accounting for close to half of all votes cast. The campaign period was preceded by the Ghostwriter operation, which German authorities publicly attributed to Russian state actors and which targeted the accounts of federal and state parliamentarians.
2 sourced entries - Ukraine · Party leader
Oleh Lyashko
Leader of the Radical Party; presidential candidate, 2014
Finished third in Ukraine's 2014 early presidential election.
1 sourced entries - Ukraine · Party leader
Oleksandr Moroz
Leader of the Socialist Party of Ukraine; presidential candidate, 2004
Leader of one of the two parties besides the frontrunners' that had cleared the representation threshold at the previous parliamentary election. He finished third in the 2004 first round and did not reach the run-off.
1 sourced entries - Slovakia · Head of state
Peter Pellegrini
President of Slovakia
Slovak politician whose party placed third in the 2023 parliamentary election and entered the governing coalition; he was subsequently elected president. The 2023 campaign closed under a fabricated audio recording targeting another party leader during the pre-election moratorium.
2 sourced entries - Ukraine · Head of state
Petro Poroshenko
President of Ukraine, 2014–2019
Won Ukraine's early presidential election of 25 May 2014 outright in the first round with 54.7 per cent. A fabricated results page planted on the election commission's website, and broadcast on Russian television twelve minutes before polls closed, showed him losing with 29 per cent to a candidate who in fact received under one per cent.
2 sourced entries - Ukraine · Party leader
Petro Symonenko
Leader of the Communist Party of Ukraine; presidential candidate, 2004
Leader of one of the two parties besides the frontrunners' that had cleared the representation threshold at the previous parliamentary election. He finished fourth in the 2004 first round and did not reach the run-off.
1 sourced entries - Poland · Candidate
Rafał Trzaskowski
Presidential candidate, Poland
Polish presidential candidate who lost the 2025 run-off by a very narrow margin, in an election conducted on hand-counted paper ballots and validated by the Supreme Court. He had also reached the run-off in 2020.
3 sourced entries - Slovakia · Head of government
Robert Fico
Prime Minister of Slovakia
Slovak prime minister whose party won the 2023 parliamentary election. The campaign’s closing days were marked by a fabricated audio recording impersonating his principal opponent, released inside the pre-election moratorium.
2 sourced entries - Georgia · Head of state
Salome Zourabichvili
President of Georgia, 2018–2024
The last directly elected president of Georgia, and the sitting president at the October 2024 parliamentary elections. She rejected the announced result, joined opposition MPs in challenging the rules governing the elections before the Constitutional Court, and rejected the legitimacy of the electoral college that chose her successor in December 2024.
3 sourced entries - Ukraine · Candidate
Serhiy Tihipko
Presidential candidate, Ukraine, 2014
Finished fifth in Ukraine's 2014 early presidential election.
1 sourced entries - Poland · Candidate
Sławomir Mentzen
Presidential candidate, Poland
Polish presidential candidate in 2025 who placed third in the first round and did not reach the run-off.
1 sourced entries - Belarus · Candidate
Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya
Presidential candidate, Belarus
Belarusian opposition candidate in the 2020 presidential election, who stood after her husband was detained and barred from registering. The official result declared her the loser by a wide margin; she rejected it, and the election was held without an OSCE/ODIHR observation mission able to assess the count. She left the country under pressure shortly after the vote.
3 sourced entries - Ukraine · Head of government
Viktor Yanukovych
Prime Minister of Ukraine, 2002–2005; President of Ukraine, 2010–2014
Incumbent prime minister and presidential candidate in 2004. The Central Election Commission declared him the winner of the November run-off; the Supreme Court annulled that declaration, finding the determination unlawful, and he lost the repeat vote. Observers documented that his campaign benefited from abuse of state resources and overwhelming state media bias.
4 sourced entries - Ukraine · Head of state
Viktor Yushchenko
President of Ukraine, 2005–2010
Ukrainian opposition candidate in the 2004 presidential election. He led the first round, was declared the loser of the November run-off, and successfully challenged that declaration in the Supreme Court, which annulled it and ordered a repeat vote that he won. He was poisoned with dioxin during the campaign; responsibility has never been established.
5 sourced entries - Ukraine · Candidate
Yuliya Tymoshenko
Prime Minister of Ukraine, 2005 and 2007–2010; presidential candidate, 2014
Finished second in Ukraine's 2014 early presidential election, well behind the outright first-round winner.
1 sourced entries