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Election

HeldCanada

Canada 2021 General Election

September 20, 2021

The Liberal Party under Justin Trudeau returned to government without a House of Commons majority. The Conservative Party under Erin O'Toole again won the largest nationwide vote share, 33.7%, while Elections Canada's official affiliation table recorded 160 Liberals and 119 Conservatives among the 338 winners.

Official results

Certified by Elections Canada official voting results for the 44th general electionTurnout 62.6%

Vote share is nationwide; seats were awarded in separate first-past-the-post districts. Elections Canada records 160 Liberal winners by ballot affiliation. One of them, Kevin Vuong (Spadina—Fort York), was disavowed by the party after ballots were printed and sat as an Independent, so the House of Commons standing was 159 Liberal and one Independent.

  • Conservative Party33.7%5,747,410

    119 elected candidates

  • Liberal Party32.6%5,556,629

    160 elected candidates by ballot affiliation; one later sat as an Independent, leaving 159 in the Commons

  • New Democratic Party17.8%3,036,348

    25 elected candidates

  • Bloc Québécois7.6%1,301,615

    32 elected candidates

  • People's Party of Canada4.9%840,993

    No elected candidates

  • Green Party2.3%396,988

    2 elected candidates

Sources:1

The Integrity Ledger

What the evidence establishes, and what it does not — side by side, each finding sourced and tiered.

What is established

  • Foreign interferenceConfirmed

    The Hogue Commission concluded that the 2021 election was, without a doubt, subject to foreign interference.

    Sources:1
  • Information operationsCorroborated

    RRM Canada documented coordinated false narratives targeting the Conservative Party, Erin O'Toole and Kenny Chiu across WeChat, Douyin and Chinese-language media, with links to the PRC information environment.

    Sources:12

What is not established

  • Foreign interferenceContested

    RRM Canada found no clear evidence that the PRC government directed the coordinated WeChat campaign and assessed a PRC influence operation only with low-to-moderate confidence.

    Sources:1
  • Foreign interferenceContested

    The Commission found that foreign interference may have affected a small number of ridings, but it could not determine with certainty that it did so.

    Sources:1
  • Foreign interferenceDebunked

    The Commission found no effect on which party formed government; the Liberals would have formed government in 2021.

    Sources:1
  • Result falsificationDebunked

    The Commission found Canada's electoral system robust and concluded that votes were cast and counted as intended.

    Sources:12

Process assessment

Elections Canada publishes official district-level results. The later Commission found real interference with the information environment but no compromise of the voting system and no change to the party forming government.

Sources:123

Sources3

Official reportElections CanadaSeptember 20, 2021New
Canada 2021 general election official voting results
OriginalArchive pending
Official reportRapid Response Mechanism Canada, Global Affairs CanadaOctober 8, 2021New
Chinese state media and Canadian WeChat accounts spread false narratives in Canada's 2021 election
OriginalArchive pending
Official reportPublic Inquiry into Foreign Interference in Federal Electoral Processes and Democratic InstitutionsJanuary 28, 2025New
Canada Foreign Interference Commission final report, volume 1
OriginalArchive pending

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