Secret ballot

Acquisto di voti

Pagare o ricompensare materialmente gli elettori affinché esprimano il voto in un determinato modo o si rechino alle urne — una violazione procedurale, e un reato nella maggior parte delle giurisdizioni.

Voter intimidation

Pressure, surveillance or threat intended to deter voting or to direct it — a process violation that leaves little documentary trace and relies on observer reporting.

Ballot secrecy breach

Any arrangement that lets a third party learn how an individual voted — including photographed ballots, transparent envelopes and overly small reporting units.