Tabulation

Tally sheet

The signed record of a polling station’s count — the primary document against which any later aggregate can be checked, and the first thing to secure.

Canvass

The official review and aggregation of results before certification — a defined legal process with deadlines, not an informal tally.

Result falsification

Altering recorded totals so the declared result differs from the votes cast — the site’s most serious category, and the one most often conflated with the other four.