Protest Under Attack: Human Rights Violations During Mozambique's Post-2024 Election Crackdown

Based on 28 interviews and more than 100 verified videos and photographs, Amnesty documents security forces firing live ammunition at protesters, kinetic impact projectiles and tear gas used without warning, and mass arbitrary arrests of over 4,000 people after the October 2024 election. It reports that the civil-society Plataforma DECIDE, which collected incident reports through a telephone hotline, counted around 315 people killed and over 3,000 injured between 21 October 2024 and 16 January 2025, against police commander Bernardino Rafael's acknowledgement of 96 deaths including 17 officers as of 23 January 2025, and finds connectivity evidence, drawn from IODA, Cloudflare Radar, OONI and NetBlocks, that access to Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp was blocked or reduced on Vodacom, Tmcel, TV Cabo and Movitel during peak protest periods. It also cites the Medical Association of Mozambique for 73 bullet-wound cases between 18 and 26 October 2024, ten of them fatal.