Secret ballot

Compra de votos

Pagar ou recompensar materialmente eleitores para que votem de determinada forma ou compareçam às urnas — uma infração processual e um crime na maioria das jurisdições.

Voter intimidation

Pressure, surveillance or threat intended to deter voting or to direct it — a process violation that leaves little documentary trace and relies on observer reporting.

Ballot secrecy breach

Any arrangement that lets a third party learn how an individual voted — including photographed ballots, transparent envelopes and overly small reporting units.