术语
Parallel vote tabulation (PVT)
定义
An independent count built from observers’ copies of polling-station results, statistically sampled — it can confirm or contradict an official total on election night.
另见
Quick count
A rapid projection of the result from a sample of polling stations — a PVT method, and a common early indicator when an official count slows or stops.
Precinct-level results
Results published per polling station rather than aggregated — the single most valuable transparency measure, because it makes independent verification possible at all.
选举观察团
一个独立机构（例如 OSCE/ODIHR），负责评估选举是否符合国际标准并公布其结论。