Comparative view
Election safeguards matrix
Which countries can actually check their own count — ballot type, audit requirement, who runs the election, who may observe it, and how people register and vote. One row per country profile, read from the same records as the profiles themselves.
Audit requirements are recorded for 50 of 51 country profiles. Blank cells are gaps in this database, not findings about the country.
| Country | Ballot | Audit | Run by | Domestic observers | International observers | Registration | Voter ID | Postal | From abroad |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ArgentinaArgentina | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| AustrijaAustrija | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Universal | Universal |
| BelorusBelorus | Paper | None | Government | Yes | No | State-initiated | Any document | None | Universal |
| BolivijaBolivija | Paper | None | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Mixed | not recorded | None | Restricted |
| Bosna i HercegovinaBosna i Hercegovina | Paper | Mandatory recount | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Restricted | Universal |
| BrazilBrazil | Electronic only | Ad hoc | Judiciary | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| Cabo VerdeCabo Verde | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Universal |
| EkvadorEkvador | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| FijiFiji | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | Restricted | Restricted |
| FrancuskaFrancuska | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Mixed | Photo ID | None | Universal |
| HaitiHaiti | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| IndiaIndia | Electronic + paper trail | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | not recorded | Voter-initiated | Any document | Restricted | None |
| Južna AfrikaJužna Afrika | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| Južna KorejaJužna Koreja | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | Restricted | Restricted |
| KanadaKanada | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | not recorded | Mixed | Any document | Universal | Universal |
| KenyaKenya | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| MalaviMalavi | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | not recorded | None | None |
| MoldavijaMoldavija | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | not recorded | Universal |
| MozambikMozambik | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Any document | None | Restricted |
| NemačkaNemačka | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Universal | Restricted |
| NikaragvaNikaragva | Paper | None | Government | No | No | State-initiated | Photo ID | None | None |
| PakistanPakistan | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | State-initiated | Photo ID | Restricted | None |
| PoljskaPoljska | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Restricted | Universal |
| SenegalSenegal | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Universal |
| Sjedinjene Američke DržaveSjedinjene Američke Države | Mixed | Varies | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Varies | Varies | Universal |
| SlovačkaSlovačka | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Restricted | Restricted |
| TürkiyeTürkiye | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Universal |
| Ujedinjeno KraljevstvoUjedinjeno Kraljevstvo | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | not recorded | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | Varies | Restricted |
| UkrajinaUkrajina | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Universal |
| VenezuelaVenezuela | Electronic + paper trail | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| ZambijaZambija | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | None |
| БугарскаБугарска | Mixed | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | None | Restricted |
| ГамбијаГамбија | Mixed | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | None |
| ГватемалаГватемала | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| ГрузијаГрузија | Mixed | Mandatory recount | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| ИзраелИзраел | Paper | Judicial only | Judiciary | Yes | No | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| ИндонезијаИндонезија | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | State-initiated | Photo ID | not recorded | Universal |
| Јужни СуданЈужни Судан | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Any document | None | Restricted |
| ЛетонијаЛетонија | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | Restricted | Universal |
| ЛитванијаЛитванија | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | Restricted | Universal |
| МађарскаМађарска | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | Restricted | Restricted |
| МарокоМароко | Paper | Judicial only | Government | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| МексикоМексико | Paper | Mandatory recount | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | Restricted | Restricted |
| НигеријаНигерија | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | None |
| Нови ЗеландНови Зеланд | Paper | Mandatory recount | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Mixed | None | Restricted | Restricted |
| РумунијаРумунија | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | Restricted | Universal |
| РусијаРусија | Mixed | None | Government | Yes | No | State-initiated | Photo ID | Restricted | Universal |
| СрбијаСрбија | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| ТајванТајван | Paper | not recorded | Independent commission | Yes | not recorded | State-initiated | Photo ID | None | None |
| ФилипиниФилипини | Electronic + paper trail | Mandatory recount | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | not recorded | Restricted | Universal |
| ШведскаШведска | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Restricted | Universal |
How to read this
These are formal rules, not an assessment of practice. A country with strong rules on paper may still administer an election badly, and a country with weak rules may run a clean one. Nothing here is scored or ranked: this database publishes no composite integrity score, because collapsing these very different columns into one number would hide exactly the distinctions the table exists to show.
“Not recorded” means this database has not yet established the rule — it is a gap in our coverage, not a finding that the safeguard is absent. A country that genuinely has no audit requirement is shown as “None”.