Comparative view
Election safeguards matrix
Which countries can actually check their own count — ballot type, audit requirement, who runs the election, who may observe it, and how people register and vote. One row per country profile, read from the same records as the profiles themselves.
Audit requirements are recorded for 50 of 51 country profiles. Blank cells are gaps in this database, not findings about the country.
| Country | Ballot | Audit | Run by | Domestic observers | International observers | Registration | Voter ID | Postal | From abroad |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NigeriaNigeria | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | None |
| PakistanPakistan | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | State-initiated | Photo ID | Restricted | None |
| SenegalSenegal | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Universal |
| TürkiyeTürkiye | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Universal |
| ZambiaZambia | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | None |
| ألمانياألمانيا | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Universal | Restricted |
| أوكرانياأوكرانيا | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Universal |
| إسرائيلإسرائيل | Paper | Judicial only | Judiciary | Yes | No | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| إندونيسياإندونيسيا | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | State-initiated | Photo ID | not recorded | Universal |
| الأرجنتينالأرجنتين | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| الإكوادورالإكوادور | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| البرازيلالبرازيل | Electronic only | Ad hoc | Judiciary | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| البوسنة والهرسكالبوسنة والهرسك | Paper | Mandatory recount | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Restricted | Universal |
| السويدالسويد | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Restricted | Universal |
| الفلبينالفلبين | Electronic + paper trail | Mandatory recount | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | not recorded | Restricted | Universal |
| المجرالمجر | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | Restricted | Restricted |
| المغربالمغرب | Paper | Judicial only | Government | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| المكسيكالمكسيك | Paper | Mandatory recount | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | Restricted | Restricted |
| المملكة المتحدةالمملكة المتحدة | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | not recorded | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | Varies | Restricted |
| النمساالنمسا | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Universal | Universal |
| الهندالهند | Electronic + paper trail | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | not recorded | Voter-initiated | Any document | Restricted | None |
| الولايات المتحدةالولايات المتحدة | Mixed | Varies | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Varies | Varies | Universal |
| بلغاريابلغاريا | Mixed | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | None | Restricted |
| بولندابولندا | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Restricted | Universal |
| بوليفيابوليفيا | Paper | None | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Mixed | not recorded | None | Restricted |
| بيلاروسبيلاروس | Paper | None | Government | Yes | No | State-initiated | Any document | None | Universal |
| تايوانتايوان | Paper | not recorded | Independent commission | Yes | not recorded | State-initiated | Photo ID | None | None |
| جنوب أفريقياجنوب أفريقيا | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| جنوب السودانجنوب السودان | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Any document | None | Restricted |
| جورجياجورجيا | Mixed | Mandatory recount | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| روسياروسيا | Mixed | None | Government | Yes | No | State-initiated | Photo ID | Restricted | Universal |
| رومانيارومانيا | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | Restricted | Universal |
| سلوفاكياسلوفاكيا | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | Restricted | Restricted |
| صربياصربيا | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| غامبياغامبيا | Mixed | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | None |
| غواتيمالاغواتيمالا | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| فرنسافرنسا | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Mixed | Photo ID | None | Universal |
| فنزويلافنزويلا | Electronic + paper trail | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| فيجيفيجي | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | Restricted | Restricted |
| كابو Verdeكابو Verde | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Universal |
| كنداكندا | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | not recorded | Mixed | Any document | Universal | Universal |
| كوريا الجنوبيةكوريا الجنوبية | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | Restricted | Restricted |
| كينياكينيا | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
| لاتفيالاتفيا | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | Restricted | Universal |
| ليتوانياليتوانيا | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Photo ID | Restricted | Universal |
| مالاويمالاوي | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | not recorded | None | None |
| موزمبيقموزمبيق | Paper | Judicial only | Mixed | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Any document | None | Restricted |
| مولدوفامولدوفا | Paper | Judicial only | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Automatic | Any document | not recorded | Universal |
| نيكاراغوانيكاراغوا | Paper | None | Government | No | No | State-initiated | Photo ID | None | None |
| نيوزيلندانيوزيلندا | Paper | Mandatory recount | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Mixed | None | Restricted | Restricted |
| هايتيهايتي | Paper | Ad hoc | Independent commission | Yes | Yes | Voter-initiated | Photo ID | None | Restricted |
How to read this
These are formal rules, not an assessment of practice. A country with strong rules on paper may still administer an election badly, and a country with weak rules may run a clean one. Nothing here is scored or ranked: this database publishes no composite integrity score, because collapsing these very different columns into one number would hide exactly the distinctions the table exists to show.
“Not recorded” means this database has not yet established the rule — it is a gap in our coverage, not a finding that the safeguard is absent. A country that genuinely has no audit requirement is shown as “None”.