Brazil
South America · br
Federal presidential republic. The president is elected by majority runoff, senators by statewide contests and the Chamber of Deputies by open-list proportional representation across the states and Federal District.
Perfil revisado por última vez July 23, 2026
Brazil combines compulsory voting for most adults with a fully electronic in-person ballot. Voters identify themselves at a polling station, often biometrically, and use a standalone voting machine. Each machine produces a signed ballot bulletin after polls close; those records can be compared with published totals and were central to the independent checks after the close 2022 election.
Cómo funciona hoy la votación
- Edad para votar
- 16 y más
- Registro de votantes
- Iniciado por el votante
- Identificación
- Se requiere documento de identidad con fotografía
- Voto obligatorio
- Sí
- Voto por correo
- No disponible
- Voto anticipado
- No disponible
- Voto en línea
- No disponible
- Voto desde el extranjero
- Restringido
Voting is compulsory for literate citizens aged 18 through 70 and optional for ages 16–17, people over 70 and illiterate citizens. Overseas voting is available for president and vice-president at designated locations; there is no general postal or online ballot.
Cómo cambió el sufragio
Cada entrada registra un cambio en quién podía votar, o cómo podía hacerlo: ampliaciones, restricciones y reformas de procedimiento por igual.
- 1932Ampliación
The first national Electoral Code introduced women's suffrage and the secret ballot.
Women gained the right to vote in 1932 - 1985Ampliación
A constitutional amendment enfranchised illiterate citizens after the end of military rule.
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil - 1988Ampliación
The democratic constitution made voting optional from age 16 and for people over 70 and illiterate citizens, while retaining compulsory voting for most citizens aged 18 to 70.
Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil - 1996Reforma
Electronic voting machines were introduced in selected municipalities and subsequently expanded nationwide.
Electronic voting machine history
Salvaguardias en el escrutinio
- Tipo de papeleta
- Solo voto electrónico
- Auditoría postelectoral
- Ad hoc
- Administración electoral
- Poder judicial
- Observadores nacionales
- Sí
- Observadores internacionales
- Sí
Standalone machines are prepared through public technical ceremonies and tests. After voting, each machine prints a signed ballot bulletin containing totals but no voter choices; parties, inspectors and citizens can compare those bulletins with electronic publication. The 2022 TCU audit found no divergence in the sampled comparisons and integrity tests it performed.
Conviene saber
- The 2022 presidential runoff was the closest since Brazil's return to direct presidential elections: Lula won 50.90% of valid votes to Jair Bolsonaro's 49.10%.TSE proclaims Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Geraldo Alckmin elected
- TCU comparisons found zero differences between sampled physical ballot bulletins and the matching published electronic records.Audit of the 2022 electronic voting system
Elecciones en la base de datos
- 2026Brazil 2026 General ElectionElection Watch
- 2022Brazil 2022 Presidential Election
Personas
- Jefe de EstadoJair BolsonaroFormer President of Brazil
- Jefe de EstadoLuiz Inácio Lula da SilvaPresident of Brazil
Fuentes
- Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil— Superior Electoral Court of Brazil
- TSE final proclamation of the 2022 presidential result— Superior Electoral Court of Brazil
- TCU audit of the 2022 electronic voting system— Federal Court of Accounts of Brazil
- OAS preliminary report after the 2022 second round— Organization of American States