Side by side

Compare Elections

Put elections side by side — official result, turnout, observer assessment, and what is established versus not, category by category. The default view is the methodology's three teaching cases.

Election 1

Election 2

Election 3

Case fingerprints

The same scales are used across all three cases. Bars show documented counts, not a grade or an overall integrity score.

EstablishedNot established

Findings by category

Different dimensions

Result falsificationUnited States 2016 Presidential Election: 0+ / 1−Belarus 2020 Presidential Election: 2+ / 1−Austria 2016 Presidential Election: 0+ / 2−
Process violationsUnited States 2016 Presidential Election: 0+ / 0−Belarus 2020 Presidential Election: 2+ / 0−Austria 2016 Presidential Election: 3+ / 0−
Foreign interferenceUnited States 2016 Presidential Election: 3+ / 1−Belarus 2020 Presidential Election: 0+ / 1−Austria 2016 Presidential Election: 0+ / 1−
Information operationsUnited States 2016 Presidential Election: 1+ / 1−Belarus 2020 Presidential Election: 0+ / 0−Austria 2016 Presidential Election: 0+ / 0−
Statistical anomaliesUnited States 2016 Presidential Election: 0+ / 0−Belarus 2020 Presidential Election: 1+ / 0−Austria 2016 Presidential Election: 1+ / 0−

United States 2016 Presidential Election

US · November 8, 2016

Voting rules and safeguards

Voter registration: Voter-initiated
Voter identification: Varies by region
Postal voting: Varies by region
Ballot type: Mixed
Post-election audit: Varies by region
Election administration: Mixed / decentralised
Compulsory voting: No
International observers: Yes

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Belarus 2020 Presidential Election

BY · August 9, 2020

Findings by category

Result falsification2+ / 1−

Process violations2+ / 0−

Foreign interference0+ / 1−

Information operations0+ / 0−

Statistical anomalies1+ / 0−

Confidence mix

Confirmed4 Corroborated1 Alleged2 Contested0 Debunked0

Source-type mix

Court ruling0 Indictment0 Journalism1 Observer report0 Official report3

Voting rules and safeguards

Voter registration: State-initiated
Voter identification: Any identity document
Postal voting: Not available
Ballot type: Paper ballots
Post-election audit: No routine audit
Election administration: Government-run
Compulsory voting: No
International observers: No

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Austria 2016 Presidential Election

AT · May 22, 2016

Findings by category

Result falsification0+ / 2−

Process violations3+ / 0−

Foreign interference0+ / 1−

Information operations0+ / 0−

Statistical anomalies1+ / 0−

Confidence mix

Confirmed4 Corroborated0 Alleged0 Contested1 Debunked2

Source-type mix

Court ruling1 Indictment0 Journalism0 Observer report1 Official report0

Voting rules and safeguards

Voter registration: Automatic
Voter identification: Any identity document
Postal voting: Available to all
Ballot type: Paper ballots
Post-election audit: Judicial challenge only
Election administration: Mixed / decentralised
Compulsory voting: No
International observers: Yes

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Put elections side by side — official result, turnout, observer assessment, and what is established versus not, category by category. The default view is the methodology's three teaching cases.
Case fingerprints	United States 2016 Presidential Election	Belarus 2020 Presidential Election	Austria 2016 Presidential Election
Country	US	BY	AT
Date	November 8, 2016	August 9, 2020	May 22, 2016
Type	Presidential	Presidential	Presidential
Status	Held	Held	Rerun held
Turnout	60.1%	84.3%	74.2%
Leading result	Hillary Clinton (D) · 48.2%	Alyaksandr Lukashenko · 80.1%	Alexander Van der Bellen · 53.8%
Established findings	4	5	4
Not established / debunked	3	2	3
Established by category	31	221	31
Observer assessment	—	—	—
Sources	7	4	2