Glossary term
Certification
Definition
The formal act declaring results final — the point after which challenges move to courts, and a recurring pressure point in contested elections.
See also
Canvass
The official review and aggregation of results before certification — a defined legal process with deadlines, not an informal tally.
Election petition
A formal legal challenge to an election’s conduct or result — the record it produces is the highest-quality evidence the site holds, whichever way it is decided.
Annulment
A court or authority setting aside an election result. It can follow from procedural violations without any finding that the outcome was falsified.
Published September 22, 2026
September 22, 2026Published282b7738
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