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Georgia

Europe · ge

Parliamentary republic; 150-seat parliament elected by fully proportional representation with a 5 per cent threshold; the president is chosen by a 300-member electoral college rather than by voters; elections run by the Central Election Commission (CEC).

Perfil revisado por última vez July 23, 2026

Georgia enfranchised women in 1919, before most of Europe, and five women sat in the 130-member Constituent Assembly elected that February — a record cut short two years later by Soviet invasion. Competitive elections returned with independence in 1991. The direction of travel since has been toward narrowing the electorate's direct say: constitutional amendments adopted in 2017 removed the election of the president from voters and handed it to an electoral college, first used in December 2024. The 2024 parliamentary elections, the first under a fully proportional system, were contested by every opposition party that entered parliament and by the sitting president, and were the subject of a European Parliament call for a re-run that no Georgian court entertained.

Cómo funciona hoy la votación

Edad para votar
18 y más
Registro de votantes
Automático
Identificación
Se requiere documento de identidad con fotografía
Voto obligatorio
No
Voto por correo
No disponible
Voto anticipado
No disponible
Voto en línea
No disponible
Voto desde el extranjero
Restringido

Voter registration is passive and continuous: the CEC maintains a unified voter list built from data held by the Public Service Development Agency, and citizens with valid identity documents are included automatically. Citizens whose documents have expired are excluded by law until they renew them. Voting abroad is possible only at diplomatic missions, which observers noted restricts access; 95,910 voters were entitled to vote abroad in 2024.

Cómo cambió el sufragio

Cada entrada registra un cambio en quién podía votar, o cómo podía hacerlo: ampliaciones, restricciones y reformas de procedimiento por igual.

  1. 1918Ampliación

    The Act of Independence guaranteed political rights to every citizen irrespective of nationality, creed, social rank or sex.

  2. 1919Ampliación

    The Constituent Assembly was elected in direct elections held over four days in February with no property qualification and with women voting; five of the fifteen women who stood were elected to the 130-seat assembly.

  3. 1921Restricción

    Soviet invasion ended independence and replaced competitive elections with single-list voting for the next seventy years.

  4. 1991Ampliación

    Independence from the Soviet Union restored multi-party elections.

  5. 2017Restricción

    Constitutional amendments ended the direct election of the president, transferring the choice to a 300-member electoral college of national, regional and local representatives, and set parliamentary elections to move to a fully proportional system.

  6. 2024Reforma

    The first fully proportional parliamentary election was held with a 5 per cent threshold and electronic voter identification and counting devices in most polling stations; in December the first indirectly elected president was chosen by the electoral college.

Salvaguardias en el escrutinio

Tipo de papeleta
Mixto
Auditoría postelectoral
Recuento obligatorio
Administración electoral
Comisión independiente
Observadores nacionales
Sí
Observadores internacionales
Sí

Ballots are paper throughout. In 2024 most polling stations counted them with electronic counting devices mounted on the ballot boxes, with the remainder counting by hand, so a physical record exists either way. The law requires a recount of results from a set of randomly selected precincts after each election, and both domestic and international observers are routinely accredited. ODIHR found that 2024 amendments shifting control of commission appointments toward the ruling party undermined public confidence in the commission's impartiality.

Conviene saber

  • Georgia gave women the vote in 1919, ahead of most of Europe, and elected five women to its Constituent Assembly — all on the Social Democratic list — in the same year.
  • Georgians have not directly elected their head of state since 2018: the 2017 constitutional amendments moved the choice to an electoral college, which selected a president for the first time in December 2024.
  • Citizens declared legally incapacitated by a court and placed in institutional care are barred from voting, a restriction ODIHR has repeatedly found to be at odds with international standards.

Elecciones en la base de datos

Personas

Fuentes

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