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Emmanuel Macron

FranceHead of statePresident of France

French president since 2017. His first campaign was the target of a hack-and-leak operation: a large volume of campaign material was dumped online in the final 48 hours before the run-off, inside the legal blackout period during which French candidates and media are barred from responding. The leak did not change the outcome, and French authorities found the released material had been salted with forgeries.

This is not a biography collection. Entries cover a person's record on elections and voting rights only, and every entry carries a citation to a court ruling, an official finding, or an election-observation report. Nothing appears here without a source, and inclusion is not a judgement about a person.

Electoral record

Each entry is dated, categorised by what it did to the conduct of an election, and cited.

  1. 2017Subject of a findingAction

    His campaign was the target of a hack-and-leak dump released during the pre-election blackout, when candidates and media are legally barred from responding. Investigators found the material had been mixed with forged documents.

    Elections in France — election observation reports — OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights

Linked cases

Sources